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【美国专利申请常见问题】非临时申请和临时申请有何不同?临时申请能否直接获得专利权?
Time: 2025-11-11 Click count: 792

美国专利的临时申请无法直接获得专利权,它仅起到抢占申请日和优先权的 “占位” 作用,目的是帮助申请人快速锁定申请日、争取 12 个月的准备时间。申请人需在这 12 个月内将其转化为非临时申请,后续经过 USPTO 的实质审查并满足授权条件后,才能终获得专利权。


Part.1

申请文件要求

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1、临时申请

要求十分宽松,无需提交权利要求书、誓言或声明,仅需准备符合要求的说明书(简单技术交底书即可)和必要附图,且美国专利商标局(USPTO)可接受非英文文本,仅需满足特定法律条款规范。同时它仅适用于发明专利,不适用于外观专利。

2、非临时申请

文件要求严格完整,必须包含符合第 112 条规定的说明书、第 113 条规定的附图、权利要求书以及誓言或声明,缺少这些核心文件会影响申请有效性,且其适用范围涵盖发明专利、外观专利等多种类型。

Part2

审查流程

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1、临时申请

提交后不会进入实质审查流程,USPTO 仅对申请文件是否满足基础提交条件进行核对以确定申请日,整个流程简单快速,不会有审查意见通知书等审查环节。

2、非临时申请

流程完整且严格,通常在申请后 18 个月会自动公开(申请人要求不提前公开的除外),之后会自动进入实质审查排队流程。一般 14 个月左右会收到[敏感词]次审查意见通知书,审查过程中可能面临多次修改、答复,甚至终驳回等情况。

Part.3

权利与效力

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1、临时申请

无实质专利权效力,仅能为后续非临时申请确立 12 个月的优先权。在此期间申请人可标注 “专利申请中” 用于市场警示,但无法针对侵权行为提起诉讼。若 12 个月内未转化为非临时申请,该申请会自动失效且通常不可恢复。

2、非临时申请

通过实质审查后可获得正式专利权,权利人享有完整的专利保护权,既能禁止他人未经许可实施专利技术,也可对侵权行为提起法律诉讼。其专利保护期限从非临时申请的申请日起计算。

Part.4

申请费用

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1、临时申请

费用较低,例如大实体申请官费 300 美元,小实体 150 美元,微小实体仅 75 美元,能大幅降低申请人前期的申请成本。

2、非临时申请

费用更高,除基础申请费外,还包含实质审查费、权利要求附加费等多项费用,整体成本远高于临时申请。

Part.5

优先权规则

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1、临时申请

不能以其他申请作为自身的优先权基础,仅能为后续的非临时申请提供优先权支撑。

2、非临时申请

可主张之前提交的临时申请的优先权,从而以临时申请的申请日作为权利主张的起始日期,有效规避这期间内出现的现有技术影响专利授权。


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