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【美国专利申请常见问题】对审查员的驳回意见不服时,除了答复还能通过哪些途径维权?
Time: 2026-03-09 Click count: 858

在美国专利申请中,若对审查员的驳回意见不服,除直接答复外,还可通过美国专利商标局(USPTO)内设程序救济,也能进一步通过司法途径维权。


Part.1

向专利审判和上诉委员会(PTAB)提起上诉

这是核心的行政救济途径,需满足 “两次驳回” 规则,即任一权利要求被驳回至少两次后即可申请,且两次驳回不局限于同一份申请,比如母案中被驳回的权利要求在续案中再次被驳回也符合条件。具体流程中,申请人要在答复驳回意见的期限内(通常 3 个月,可延期至 6 个月)提交上诉通知书并缴纳官费;还可同步申请诉前审查请求,提交不超过 5 页的意见陈述书,USPTO 会组建含原审查员、其上级及其他审查员的小组,45 天内给出决定,可能直接授权、重启审查或维持驳回。若诉前请求无果或未申请,需在提交上诉通知书后 2 个月内递交上诉状,后续 PTAB 会由三名专业法官组成小组审理并出具书面决定。若对该决定仍不服,还可请求 PTAB 再审。

Part2

提交继续审查请求(RCE)

申请人可依据相关规定提交该请求并缴纳对应费用,同时可修改权利要求,以此重启专利审查流程。该方式能让申请回到审查员手中,申请人可获得额外两次左右答复审查意见的机会,适合想通过补充内容、调整权利要求等方式完善申请,而非直接对抗驳回意见的情况。不过其劣势明显,费用较高,[敏感词]次递交官费 1360 美元,后续递交费用更高,且提过 RCE 的申请审查周期会显著延长,平均可达 50.4 个月。另外,此程序与上诉程序不能同时进行。

Part3

利用驳回后重申项目(AFCP)

这是 USPTO 的长期试行途径,申请人收到终驳回后,可借助该项目修改权利要求,还能与审查员会晤沟通。该方式的优势是手续简便且无需额外费用,能为申请人争取后一次通过修改说服审查员的机会。但限制在于,主张修改的权利要求不能过于复杂,否则修改意见可能不被审查员采纳,适用场景相对有限。

Part4

提起司法诉讼

若对 PTAB 的上诉决定仍不服,申请人可进一步寻求司法救济。一是向美国联邦巡回上诉法院(CAFC)提起上诉,CAFC 专门管辖专利等知识产权相关上诉案件,会对 PTAB 的行政决定进行司法审查;二是在特定情况下,可依据美国相关法律,向美国哥伦比亚特区地方法院提起诉讼,通过司法程序对驳回相关争议作出独立裁判,不过司法诉讼周期长、成本高,通常是后选择的维权途径。


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