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【马德里商标布局常见问题】国内企业走马德里申请商标,是否必须先拥有国内基础商标?基础申请和基础注册有什么区别?
Time: 2026-09-12 Click count: 697

Part.1

国内企业走马德里,是否必须拥有国内基础商标?

结论:必须有国内基础商标,分两种情形规则不同

以中国作为原属国、通过国知局提交马德里申请,不能跳过国内商标直接办马德里,法律硬性门槛:

1、只指定纯《马德里协定》成员国(极少[敏感词],现在企业几乎不用)

只能用基础注册(国内已下商标注册证),仅受理的国内申请不具备申请资格。

2、指定议定书成员国(主流:欧盟、美、日、韩、东南亚、英国等)

二选一即可:

①基础申请:国内提交商标、拿到受理通知书、有申请号;

②基础注册:国内商标已核准拿注册证。

硬性配套要求:

①商标图样、申请人名称地址、商品服务项目,必须和国内基础完全一致,海外不能超出国内品类;

②香港、澳门主体不能走中国原属局马德里;台湾主体有国内基础商标可正常申请。

Part2

基础申请 vs 基础注册 核心区别

1. 定义区分

(1)基础申请(Basic Application)

国内商标仅提交、获得受理通知书,尚未经过实质审查、未下发注册证,处于审查 / 异议期。

(2)基础注册(Basic Registration)

国内商标已通过全部审查、异议结束,取得商标注册证,享有稳定国内专用权。

2. 关键差异对比

(1)稳定性与中心打击风险(核心)

①基础申请风险极高

国际注册起算 5 年内,国内申请随时可能因驳回、异议、复审失败全部失效,触发中心打击:所有海外马德里商标同步全部作废。

即便后期可转换单国注册,会额外增加一笔单国注册费用与时间成本。

②基础注册风险极低

国内已授权,经过完整实质审查,只要规范使用、按时续展,5 年内被无效、撤三的概率远低于未授权申请,中心打击风险大幅降低。

(2)申请时间节奏

①基础申请:国内刚提交、拿到受理通知书就能立刻提交马德里,快速锁定海外保护日期,适合急于出海、抢市场窗口期的企业。

②基础注册:必须等国内商标 10–12 个月审查周期走完、下证后才能申请马德里,海外布局会滞后一年左右。

(3)商品范围调整空间

两者共同限制:马德里海外商品不能超过国内基础;

额外差异:

基础申请:国内商标还在审查,若后期国内删减商品,海外马德里同步受影响;

基础注册:国内商品范围固定稳定,不会中途被官方删减。

(4)五年依附期结束后的独立性

无论基础申请还是基础注册,国际注册满 5 年后,海外商标完全独立,国内商标后续失效不再影响海外权利。

(5)实务适用企业

适合用「基础申请」走马德里

①跨境电商、新品牌,急需同步布局多国,不想等国内一年审查期;

②海外市场先开店、国内商标同步申报,优先锁定国际申请日,防止他人抢注。

短板:需要承担国内商标被驳回导致海外全部失效的风险。

适合用「基础注册」走马德里(推荐绝大多数实体工厂、成熟品牌)

①传统外贸、线下实体、长线品牌,国内商标稳定、无纠纷;

②预算充足、不急于短期出海,优先规避中心打击连锁损失;

③主打高异议风险品类(服饰、美妆、食品),国内先确权再出海。

Part3

实操选型建议

1、成熟品牌、国内经营多年、追求稳妥 → 等国内下证,用基础注册;

2、新品牌、跨境卖家、急需多国商标占位、能承受基础申请被驳回风险 → 国内受理后直接用基础申请;

3、折中方案:国内同步提交商标,一边等审查,一边先用基础申请马德里;待国内下证后,持续监控 5 年依附期内国内商标状态,提前留存转换单国注册的预算。


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